Creating 35mm Slides

How to Make 35mm Slides from Computer Graphics

(The Matrix 6000 camera)

Table of Contents:

Description:

A service for creating color slides from computer graphics is available through the Computer Graphics Lab (CGL). This lab is run by the Scientific Computing and Visualization (SCV) group of Information Technology and our services are available to the entire B.U. community. We are located at 111 Cummington Street, Room 203. Normally we can generate 35mm slides within three business-days.

Specifications:

Overview:

We can shoot high quality 35mm slides from your raster images (the term raster image is defined in the Production services FAQ). To use this service, transfer your files to the slides directory on lobster, our production machine. Two procedures for doing this are defined in the body of this document. You can either use the slides command, which we provide, or transfer your files using ftp. Once you have transferred your files, send email to slides@lobster.bu.edu. Let us know how many copies you need and the date you will need them by. There is normally a three business-day turnaround time for processing slides. We'll send you confirmation of your request via email. Later, we'll send you a second email message notifying you that your slides are ready. All slide orders can be picked up from the CGL during posted hours. The cost is outlined below and is payable upon pickup.

Information on File Formats:

The names of all files must be designated with the appropriate supported file suffix; for example: graph.gif is a file named graph in the GIF format. The only exception to this naming convention is the Boston University Computer Graphics Lab (BUCGL) Image format, which may optionally be prepended with the img. tag. Example: either img.graph or graph.bucgl is a valid BUCGL file name.

All image files can be compressed using the "compress" command. Compressed files are further appended with the .Z extension; for example: graph.rgb.Z would be a Silicon Graphics RGB file named graph in compressed format.

Consult the Supported Image File Formats section of the SCV Hardcopy Services FAQ for a list of the image file formats we support.

Information on the Unix SDSC Image Tools:

We currently use the San Diego Supercomputer Center (SDSC) Image Tools to manipulate raster image files on Unix machines. For additional information on these tools consult the Help on SDSC Image Tools section of the SCV Hardcopy Services FAQ.

Procedures for getting a slide printed:

Image files in a valid format must be transferred to lobster, our production machine. There are two ways to do this. The preferred method is to use the slides program. This program has been installed on many machines around campus and can be accessed by typing slides (if you get an error message, you do not have the program). If you would like to get the slides program, ask your system administrator to send email to help@cgl.bu.edu for additional information on installing the slides program. Meanwhile, you can use the alternative method described below and anonymously ftp your files to the slides directory on lobster. After the files are transferred, you must send email to slides@lobster.bu.edu. Tell us the number of copies you need and the date you need them by.

The Slides Program:

Type slides without any filename for help using the slides program. The whole procedure goes like this:
  1. To send a file type:
         cgl% slides filename.format
    
    or
         cgl% slides filename1.format filename2.format filename3.format
    

    Wildcards.(*) are also supported; to transfer all of your bucgl (img.) files in a directory, type:
         cgl% slides img.*
    
  2. Send email to slides@lobster.bu.edu, include the number of copies you need, date you need them and a telephone number if it's a rush job.

If you do not have the slides program:

  1. Login to your machine and cd to the directory where your raster image files are.

  2. Type: ftp lobster.bu.edu

  3. When it prompts you for your login name, type the name anonymous. The machine should respond with: "Guest login ok."

  4. When it prompts you for a password, type your-complete-email-address; for example: jamiem@it.bu.edu. What you type will not be displayed on the screen.

  5. Type bin for binary file transfer mode. Do not forget this step! Files will be corrupted if they are transferred in ASCII mode.

  6. If you are using the slides service for the first time, you need to create a directory to put your slides into. To do this type mkdir slides/your-login-name; for example:
         ftp> mkdir slides/jamiem
    
    In some cases, we may already have done this step for you. If so, you will simply get an error message stating: "File exists". If this happens, you should simply continue to step 7. If you get an error message stating: "Permission denied", you may have forgotten to include the prefix slides or you may not have correctly logged in as anonymous.

  7. Issue the command cd slides/your-login-name;
         ftp> cd slides/jamiem
    
    This will change directories to your personal slides directory on lobster. We have found this is the best way for us to organize incoming slides requests.

  8. Use the put command to transfer your files; for example: put your-filename or for multiple files use mput. The command: mput *.* can be used to transfer all or some of the files in a particular directory. Type y (yes) or press return for each file that you would actually like transferred.
         ftp> put myimage.bucgl
    

  9. When you have finished transferring all of your files, type bye to exit the ftp program.

  10. Send email to slides@lobster.bu.edu. Include the number of copies you need, date you need them by and a telephone number, if it is a rush job.
Remember, the type of the image file(s) must be designated with the appropriate file extension. All files will be deleted from the slides directory after we shoot the slides.

We accept compressed (.Z) compression files. All uncompressed files are automatically compressed and appended with the .Z extension by the slides program. Due to the excessive size of image files, you are also encouraged to store all of your image files in compressed .Z format.

Payments and Pickups:

There is generally a 3 business-day turnaround time for processing normal priority slide requests. Note the key word "business-day". This means weekends and holidays don't count so a slide request submitted on Friday will be ready on Wednesday of the following week.

Rush orders are also available, but definitely not encouraged, and carry significant surcharges. There is no guarantee on rush orders; please plan ahead. The following example of a rush order is given for clarity:

The official work day is from 9:00am to 6:00pm. Turnaround time is calculated within these hours, in 24-hour increments, to the nearest time following your request. For example, let's say you submitted your slide request Tuesday evening around 10:00pm and requested one-day turnaround. The slide request will be read at 9:00am on Wednesday morning, and one-day turnaround is considered 24 hours from the time we receive your request. Your slides would therefore be ready by 9:00am Thursday morning and would carry a surcharge equal to 3 times the normal rate. Same day service is five times the normal rate.

Low priority rates are also available and encouraged. Low priority orders have a maximum turnaround time of 7 business-days. All costs are outlined below.

You will receive an email message notifying you when your slides are ready.

Acceptable forms of payment are cash, personal check and open B.U. purchase orders. If you need further information, please have your secretary or financial coordinator contact Randi Simmons at 353-2780.

You can pick up your slides during posted lab hours (normally 94 hours per week) from the consultant on duty in the CGL located at 111 Cummington St. Room 203.

Advice on Color, Resolution, Layouts and Fonts for Projection Slides:

Choosing Appropriate Colors: The key here is contrast. If you have a dark blue background, try bright yellow text. Also, stay clear of blue for text. The only time you can effectively use blue for text is against a white or light gray background. Your eyes are simply not as sensitive to blues as they are to other colors such as reds or greens. In general, when trying to graph data for instance, don't combine blues on blues, black on blue, or any dark colors next to dark colors. Your choice of background colors is also very important, light images look great against a dark background and dark images look much better against a white background. Blue backgrounds or large solid areas are fine; in fact they look quite nice. Finally, note that large light areas on slides tend to show dust spots.

Resolution: Our camera can display images with a maximum resolution of 1280 x 1024 pixels. We highly recommend you submit files close to this, especially for applications that require a high resolution slide. Unless you request otherwise, all files are soft-resized (scaled up to fill the screen, using color interpolation) to this maximum size. The higher the resolution of your original image, the more detail your final image will have. Remember that our camera cannot exceed the 1280 x 1024 total pixels boundary. Special note for PC users: Typically, PC screens won't display images as large as 1280x1024, but many PC software application programs can create an output file higher than the screen can display. Read the manual for your particular software package; if there's a flag or command to increase the resolution of your output image files, use it.

Layout: Your image files should either be square or horizontal, having greater breadth then height. Be very careful of image files that started out as PostScript files as they are usually taller than they are wide. For best results, such files must be rotated 90 degrees as described in Question #2 of the SCV Hardcopy Services FAQ. By default, PostScript documents are always saved as portrait documents(8.5"x11"), even if you created them in landscape mode (11"x8.5"). Film exposure area has greater breadth then height. As such, if we were to shoot a slide of an image in portrait layout, you would end up with large amounts of excess black space on either side of your image. Our camera is stationary; we can't turn the camera sideways as you might an ordinary camera. We shoot slides of the images you submit to us, as is, so please submit them correctly.

Fonts: Be aware that often people will be reading these slides from across the room, so you want to make your text bright and bold. Use the largest font size you can aesthetically fit on your slide. Limit the number of lines of text; a good guideline is no more than 6 lines of text per slide. All text and lines should be thick and bold. Also, don't crowd your slides or your audience won't be able to absorb all the data. If in doubt, make two related slides rather than one.

Common Slides Questions (Primarily Unix):

See the SCV Hardcopy Services FAQ for answers to common non-slides-specific questions regarding hardcopy production, file formats, the Image Tools and related issues.
  1. -Unix) Can I submit compressed .Z files?

    Yes, we encourage you to store and transfer your files in compressed .Z format. Both the slides program and anonymous ftp transfer methods accept compressed .Z files. Files transferred using the slides program will be automatically compressed upon receipt. Use the commands compress and uncompress to create and extract .Z files.

  2. -Unix) What types of film do you shoot?

    We frequently shoot slides for document publication. For B&W publication, images are often submitted as glossy B&W prints. These are normally created from the negatives of B&W film. We only shoot color positive (slide) film (Ektachrome P100) and are not set up to shoot either negative or B&W film. The Image Tools imgray and immono can convert a color image to a grayscale or mono image respectively, but they still get recorded onto color slide film. Color slides of B&W images can be taken to a photo lab and made into either ciba-chrome or ilfo-chrome color glossy prints. Unless you specifically need the characteristics of black and white film, our color slides can produce glossy prints with satisfactory results. You can also have a 4x5 B&W conversion negative made from color positive (slide) film, and then have a B&W glossy print made from it.

Common Slides Questions (Primarily PC):

See the SCV Hardcopy Services FAQ for answers to common non-slides-specific questions regarding hardcopy production, file formats, the Image Tools and related issues.
  1. -PC) Are there other available IBM-PC or Macintosh slide production services I could consider?

    Yes, for Macintosh files, there is another option. The Media Group/Graphic Services, directed by Ron Mistretta and located at 985 Commonwealth Avenue, has a slide making service. Their facilities include a film-recorder for use with Macintosh files. Neither the Media Group/Graphic Services nor the CGL can elegantly process IBM-PC and compatible files at this time. The Media Group/Graphic Services department does, however, have plans to expand their services to include IBM-PC formats in the future.

    Our slide service may produce better or worse results than Media Group/Graphic Services, depending on the Macintosh application you are using. If you have a choice between software and/or operating systems, you may want to confer with a graphics consultant before you begin. Only trial and error can tell for sure which methods will work best for you.

  2. -PC) Can I create an acceptable raster image file using Persuasion on the Macintosh?

    Persuasion is a Macintosh program that was specially designed to create slides and other presentation graphics. We are not set up to elegantly support any image files that Persuasion produces. We highly recommend that you use the Media Group/Graphic Services department when dealing with Persuasion files. Their telephone number is: (617) 353-3183.

  3. -PC) I have a compressed .zip file on my PC. Can I port this to Unix?

    No, we only accept standard Unix .Z compressed files. You must first uncompress your PC .zip file and then transfer it. Once it is on the Unix system, re-compress it using compress to the standard Unix .Z format.

  4. -PC) Is the TARGA .tga format supported?

    The TARGA (.tga) file format is mainly used by IBM-PC and compatible software. It is a full-color graphics format but is not currently supported by the version of the SDSC Image Tools that exists on our slides production machine. There is a simple work-around for now which you can use once you have transferred you files onto the Unix network. The Silicon Graphics SGI workstations all include a tool called fromtarga that will convert a .tga file to a .rgb Silicon Graphics RGB image format, which we do support. For example, type:

        grizzly% fromtarga filename.tga filename.rgb
    
    If you do not have an SCV account or access to any SGI machine, a graphics consultant from the CGL will have to perform the necessary conversions for you.


Slides Production Rates

Normal priority has a 3 business day turnaround.
Low priority has a 7 business day turnaround.

Rush service (*)

	2-3 day turnaround      2x normal rate
	1-2 day turnaround      3x normal rate
	< 1 day turnaround      5x normal rate
(*) Rush service is not guaranteed and is offered on an "as available" only basis.
Document Name: slides
Author/Maintainer: Aaron D. Fuegi (aarondf@bu.edu)
Keywords: slides, color, 35mm, image
Created October 29, 1993; Last Revised July 20, 1995; Last Modified
URL of this document: http://scv.bu.edu/SCV/help/slides.html
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