---

History

• Pseudophone (WW I)

• Link flight simulators (1930s)

• Tele-operation in hazard operations (1940s)

• Flying by auditory reference (FLYBAR) (1940s)

• Video-based flight simulators (1950s)

• Sensorama Simulator (1950s)

• Gehring Auditory Localizer

• Sutherland, ``The Ultimate Display'', (1965)

• Computer graphics-based flight simulators (1970s)

• Artificial reality - Myron Krueger (1960s)

• Fred Brooks, UNC - Grope systems (1960s)

• NASA Ames - Virtual Interface Environment Workstation (1980s)

• VPL Research, commercial gloves, etc. (1980s)

• Commercial explosion (1990s)

• CAVE introduced 1992

• Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) (1994)

---